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, D Wight 1MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK *Contact: danny.wight@glasgow.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic E Wimbush 2NHS Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic R Jepson 3MRC Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic L Doi 3MRC Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
European Journal of Public Health, Volume 24, Issue suppl_2, October 2014, cku161-114, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku161.114
Published:
24 October 2014
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D Wight, E Wimbush, R Jepson, L Doi, Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development (6SQUID): Daniel Wight, European Journal of Public Health, Volume 24, Issue suppl_2, October 2014, cku161–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku161.114
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Background
Improving the effectiveness of public health interventions relies as much on the attention paid to their design and feasibility as to their evaluation. Yet, compared to the vast literature on how to evaluate interventions, there is little to guide researchers or practitioners on how best to develop such interventions in practical, logical, evidence based ways to maximise likely effectiveness. Existing models for the development of public health interventions tend to have a strong social-psychological, individual behaviour change orientation and some are impractical and require years to implement.
Methods
Drawing on the strengths of existing frameworks, and on our own experiences, we will present a pragmatic guide to six essential steps of intervention development. The focus is on social interventions to improve public health, however we hope that the model might be useful for intervention development beyond public health.
Results
Once a problem has been identified as needing intervention, the six crucial steps that should be taken are: 1. defining and understanding the problem and its causes; 2. identifying which causal or contextual factors are modifiable: which have the greatest scope for change and who would benefit most; 3. deciding on the mechanisms of change (theory of change); 4. clarifying how these will be delivered (theory of action); 5. testing and adapting the intervention; and 6. collecting sufficient evidence of effectiveness to proceed to a rigorous evaluation.
Conclusions
We argue that the process of designing social interventions can be broken down into these six key steps. We hope that if each of these steps is carefully addressed better use will be made of scarce public resources by avoiding the costly evaluation, or implementation, of unpromising interventions.
Key messages
Compared to the vast literature on how to evaluate interventions, there is little to guide researchers or practitioners on how best to develop social interventions for public health.
6 steps for intervention development: 1 understand problem; 2 identify modifiable causal factors; 3 decide mechanisms of change; 4 clarify delivery; 5 test and adapt; 6 get evidence of effectiveness.
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
Topic:
- public health medicine
- contextual factors
- behavioral change
- evidence-based practice
- use techniques of reflection and clarification in communication
Issue Section:
O.2. Evidence and Methods
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