73 Manufacturing Metrics & KPIs to Track (2024)

Table of Contents
What Are Manufacturing Metrics? Key Takeaways What Are Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators? Why Use Manufacturing Specific Key Performance Indicators? Guidelines for Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators 5 Top Manufacturing KPIs to Monitor Success 18 Top Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators 1. Production Volume 2. Production Downtime 3. Production Costs 4. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) 5. Overall Operations Effectiveness (OOE) 6. Total Effective Equipment Performance (TEEP) 7. Capacity Utilization 8. Defect Density 9. Rate of Return (ROR) 10. On-Time Delivery 11. First Time Right (FTR) 12. Inventory Turns 13. Asset Turnover 14. Unit Costs 15. Return on Assets (ROA) 16. Maintenance Costs 17. Revenue per Employee 18. Profit per employee Efficiency Manufacturing Metrics 19. Throughput 20. Work in Process 21. Schedule or Production Attainment 22. Scrap Material Value 23. On Standard Operating Efficiency 24. Asset Utilization Cost & Profitability Manufacturing Metrics 25. Total Manufacturing Cost per Unit Excluding Materials 26. Manufacturing Cost as a Percentage of Revenue 27. Net Operating Profit 28. Productivity in Revenue per Employee 29. Average Unit Contribution Margin 30. Return on Net Assets (RONA) 31. Energy Cost per Unit 32. Cash-to-Cash Cycle Time 33. Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA) 34. Projected Customer Demand 35. Employee Turnover Manufacturing Compliance Metrics 36. Reported Health and Safety Incidents 37. Health and Safety Incidence Rate 38. Reportable Environmental Incidents 39. Number of Non-Compliance Events per Year 40. Failed Audits Maintenance Manufacturing Metrics 41. Maintenance Unit Cost 42. Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) 43. Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) 44. Percentage Maintenance Planned (PMP) 45. Percentage Planned vs. Emergency Maintenance Work Orders 46. Unscheduled Downtime 47. Downtime in Proportion to Operating Time 48. Avoided Costs 49. Machine Set-Up Time Customer Experience & Responsiveness Manufacturing Metrics 50. On-Time Delivery to Commit 51. Lead Time 52. Customer Fill Rate 53. Customer Return Rate 54. Customer Satisfaction Quality Manufacturing Metrics 55. Yield 56. First Time Yield 57. Perfect Order Percentage 58. Return Merchandise Authorizations (RMA) 59. Customer Reject Rate 60. Supplier's Quality Incoming 61. Scrap Rate Lean Manufacturing Metrics 62. Cycle Time 63. First Pass Yield 64. Capacity Utilization 65. Machine Downtime Rate 66. Downtime in Proportion to Operating Time 67. Material Yield Variance 68. Overtime Rate Performance Metrics 69. Production Attainment 70. Changeover time 71. Takt Time Manufacturing Innovation Metrics 72. Rate of New Product Introduction (NPI) 73. Engineering Change Order Cycle Time Manufacturing KPI Dashboards Production Performance Dashboard Manufacturing Quality Dashboard Manufacturing Cost Management Dashboard Lean Manufacturing Dashboard How to Streamline Tracking and Reporting for Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators and Metrics How NetSuite Helps You Track Manufacturing KPIs and Metrics

This guide lists the most useful manufacturing metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs). Learn which measurements can help your business, how to monitor them with dashboards and take data-driven actions to improve performance and guide your industrial transformation.

In this article:

  • 18 top manufacturing metrics to monitor
  • Guidelines for choosing the most impactful KPIs
  • Examples of actionable manufacturing dashboards

What Are Manufacturing Metrics?

Manufacturing metrics measure and compare the performance of production processes. They provide useful data to manage production activities over time. Use these metrics to support KPIs.

Key Takeaways

  • Manufacturing metrics and KPIs demonstrate challenges and success across manufacturing operations.
  • Industrial transformation is necessary to compete across all manufacturing verticals.
  • Consider using SMART (specific, measurable, actionable, realistic, and time-based) goals when defining metrics and KPIs.

What Are Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators?

Use KPIs to compare, analyze and optimize performance of your plant operations over time. How do you measure manufacturing performance? Manufacturing key performance indicators provide a quantitative measure of strengths and weaknesses. KPIs offer insight into how production contributes to company goals.

Why Use Manufacturing Specific Key Performance Indicators?

World-class manufacturing companies use KPIs to improve speed and quality while reducing costs. Using digital technologies to focus on incremental changes is a best practice to improve operations and is sometimes referred to as industrial transformation.

A key enabler of today's digital manufacturing metamorphosis is the use of enterprise manufacturing intelligence (EMI). ERP platforms with advanced manufacturing features automate and unify disparate manufacturing and enterprise data that you can use for real-time analysis displayed with interactive dashboards.

By taking a data-driven approach to operations through real-time KPIs and dashboards, manufacturers can focus on quality, flexibility and efficiency.

Guidelines for Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators

Using metrics that measure, analyze and track performance based on business goals have the most impact. Focus on KPIs that encourage your business to improve process speed and quality, enhance customer experience and do more with less.

Consider the following guidelines when identifying and defining manufacturing metrics:

  • Clearly defined goals: What is your organization trying to accomplish? Align manufacturing goals with overall business objectives, such as improving the quality of product provided or boosting output. Choose metrics that demonstrate when you achieve these goals.
  • Accurate way to measure progress: Is the metric actionable? Follow the SMART (specific, measurable, actionable, realistic and time-based) guidelines for setting goals, and collect data and track progress toward those objectives.
  • Clearly defined data source: What data are accessible? Once you define your SMART metrics, use your ERP solution to capture the information you need in real-time. Having the most accurate, dependable data will give management the reporting and metrics they need to make informed decisions.
  • Efficient reporting method: Consolidated and configurable dashboards that are easy to access are ideal for providing the right information at the right time for the management team and stakeholders.

5 Top Manufacturing KPIs to Monitor Success

18 Top Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators

What are KPIs in manufacturing? Manufacturing KPIs help you assess productivity, quality, customer satisfaction and profit. You can use varying KPIs to analyze improve operations across your production lines.

1. Production Volume

Production volume measures how many units are manufactured during a specified time frame. Production volume is fundamental for benchmarking manufacturing efficiency. Use this KPI to understand the total output your factory is capable of producing.

Production volume = Total # of products manufactured during a specified time frame

2. Production Downtime

Production downtime measures how long a factory's production lines are not operating. It covers both planned and unplanned downtime. Minimize and control the amount of time production lines are not operational to boost productivity.

Production downtime = Sum of all downtime during a specified time frame

3. Production Costs

Production costs include all the expenses incurred from manufacturing a product. They include both direct costs, such as raw materials and labor and indirect costs, such as rent and overhead.

Production costs = Direct labor cost + direct material cost + overhead costs

Per-unit product cost = Production cost/number of units manufactured

4. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)

What is OEE in manufacturing? It is the percentage of time your plant is productive, or manufacturing high quality products as quickly as possible with no down time.

Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) = Performance x quality x availability

Express OEE as a percentage and calculate it with the following dimensions:

  • Availability: the actual production time as a percentage of scheduled time to operate.
  • Performance: the percentage of time your machine or plant is working at full capacity.
  • Quality: the quality units produced as a percentage of all the units started.

OEE only considers how long a line operates compared to its theoretical maximum potential. However, in your calculations, account for maintenance. If the equipment is down and not scheduled for work, ignore this time in the availability. Plant managers commonly use this KPI as a benchmark to compare similar production assets' overall performance to see if plant operations are running effectively. OEE is also used as a standard baseline to track progress in eliminating waste as part of continuous process improvement initiatives.

5. Overall Operations Effectiveness (OOE)

This measure is similar to the OEE. Where it differs is when considering availability. With the previous measure — equipment effectiveness calculations — time for machine maintenance is not included in the availability calculation. But this measure — overall operations effectiveness — maintenance time is included in the availability calculation.

Overall operations effectiveness (OOE) = Performance x quality x availability

Again, these are expressed in percentages.

  • Availability: the actual production time as a percentage of the total possible operation time, including maintenance.
  • Performance: the percentage of time your machine or plant is working at full capacity.
  • Quality: the quality units produced as a percentage of all the units started.

6. Total Effective Equipment Performance (TEEP)

Use this metric to gauge utilization. How is your plant performing in relation to the output it would achieve if it were running 24/7 for 365 days a year and always producing quality products?

Total effective equipment performance (TEEP) = Performance x quality x availability

Again, these are expressed in percentages.

  • Availability: the actual production time as a percentage of total time if the plant were running for 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
  • Performance: the percentage of time your machine or plant is working at full capacity.
  • Quality: the quality units produced as a percentage of all the units started.

7. Capacity Utilization

Capacity utilization measures how much of a plant's total available capacity is in use. You can use this KPI to assess efficiency and as an indicator of future growth opportunities.

Capacity utilization = (Total capacity used during a specific time frame / total available production capacity) X 100

8. Defect Density

Defect density is a quality metric that tracks the number of defective products compared to the total volume of manufactured products. Defects can negatively impact profitability and cause customer satisfaction problems.

Defect density = # of defective units / total units produced

9. Rate of Return (ROR)

Rate of return is a financial measure of how well a capital expenditure or investment performs over time. Expressed as a percentage, ROR accounts for the profit or loss realized from an investment over a period.

Rate of return (ROR) = (Current value – initial value / initial value) X 100

10. On-Time Delivery

On-time delivery quantifies the percentage of products delivered on time to customers compared to the total volume of delivered products. Use this to determine how well you're meeting customer demand, a bellwether of customer satisfaction.

On-time delivery = On-time units delivered / total delivered units

11. First Time Right (FTR)

First time right is measure of a Six Sigma goal to complete processes right the first time, every time. This simple, albeit important, metric helps plant managers work toward efficient and lean production operations.

First time right (FTR) = Total # of good units / total number of units in process

12. Inventory Turns

A key inventory management metric, this KPI examines the usage and replacement rate of stock during a given period. Plant managers running lean manufacturing programs want to minimize inventories.

Inventory turns = Cost of goods sold (COGS) / average inventory during a specified time frame

13. Asset Turnover

Asset turnover measures the use of equipment and other assets to drive revenue. A high asset turnover ratio can be an indicator of efficiency. Ideal turnover rates will vary by industry. For example, KPIs for the food and beverage industry making perishable items will be different from other manufacturers making durable goods.

Asset turnover = Net sales / average total asset value

14. Unit Costs

Unit costs, otherwise known as cost of goods sold (COGS), is how much on average it costs to manufacture one product unit. Use this KPI to discern if your company produces goods efficiently.

Unit Costs = Variable costs + fixed costs / total units produced

15. Return on Assets (ROA)

Return on assets measures your company's profitability in relation to its available assets. This KPI indicates the ability to use assets to drive revenue.

Return on assets (ROA) = Net income / average value of total assets

16. Maintenance Costs

Maintenance costs include all the expenses incurred (both preventive and corrective) to maintain and repair production equipment. Use this KPI to monitor a machine's performance over time. The goal is to optimize equipment availability at minimal cost.

Maintenance cost per unit = Total maintenance costs in a specific time frame / # of products produced during the same time frame

Maintenance unit cost is the total maintenance expenses required to produce one product unit during a specified timeframe.

17. Revenue per Employee

Revenue per employee measures how much revenue on average is generated per employee. Use this KPI to benchmark over time and against similar companies.

Revenue per employee = Total revenue in a given period / (# of full-time employee equivalents at beginning of period + # of full-time employee equivalents at end of period/2)

18. Profit per employee

Similar to revenue per employee, this KPI looks at the amount of profit generated on average per employee. It's a good measure of your organization's bottom-line profitability.

Profit per employee = Net income for a given period / (#of full-time employee equivalents at beginning of period + # of full-time employee equivalents at end of period/2)

Efficiency Manufacturing Metrics

Manufacturing efficiency is a focus on resource maximization and cost minimization. The goal is to produce as much high-quality product at the lowest cost. Efficiency manufacturing KPIs focus on doing things the right way, without waste.

19. Throughput

Throughput measures the volume of product made over a specified time frame. Use this KPI to analyze and compare similar equipment, production lines or manufacturing plants.

Throughput rate = Total number of good units produced / specified time frame

For example, if 450 units were started and 400 good units were produced in an eight-hour shift, the throughput rate would be 400 units per eight hours, or 50 units per hour.

20. Work in Process

Work in process refers to goods that are in mid-production or waiting to be completed and sold. Work in process includes the raw materials, labor and overhead costs associated with unfinished goods. This KPI can give you insight into how efficiently you're using materials and the value of partially finished goods.

Work in process (WIP) = (Beginning WIP + manufacturing costs) – cost of goods manufactured

21. Schedule or Production Attainment

Schedule attainment compares the number of manufactured goods to planned output.

Schedule attainment = (Actual production output in units / target production output in units) x 100

22. Scrap Material Value

Scrap material represents the excess material left over after a product is complete. Scrap material is typically unusable but often sold as is.

Scrap material value = Amount earned on disposing scrap material – disposal cost

23. On Standard Operating Efficiency

If you use a piece rate or incentive system, measuring actual performance against your estimated labor costs you used to cost your products is called the on standard operating efficiency. This can help you keep an eye on labor costs and adjust product pricing or look for more efficient processes to lower production costs.

On standard operating efficiency rate = # of products produced at or below estimated costs in a given period / total # of products produced in the same time frame

24. Asset Utilization

Also known as the average return on assets, asset utilization looks at the how efficiently you're using your assets in production.

Asset utilization = Revenue in a given period / (value of assets at beginning of period + value of assets at the end of period/2) X 100

Cost & Profitability Manufacturing Metrics

Financial and profitability KPIs help you to better understand product costs.

25. Total Manufacturing Cost per Unit Excluding Materials

Aside from sourcing materials at a lower price, improve efficiency by digging into and tracking labor and overhead costs.

Total manufacturing cost per unit excluding materials = (Total manufacturing costs – cost of materials) / total number of units manufactured

26. Manufacturing Cost as a Percentage of Revenue

Manufacturing cost as a percentage of revenue compares the total production costs to revenue. Use this KPI to compare similar production assets and identify areas of possible cost savings.

Manufacturing cost as a percentage of revenue = Total manufacturing costs / overall revenue

27. Net Operating Profit

Net operating profit measures profitability and can apply to a plant, business unit or company. Subtract the cost of goods sold, operating expenses, interest and taxes to obtain the net operating profit.

Net operating profit = (Revenue – operating expenses) – interest and taxes

28. Productivity in Revenue per Employee

Revenue can be an important measure of productivity. Use this KPI for a specific plant, business unit or for a company-wide metric.

Productivity in revenue per employee = Total revenue / total employees

29. Average Unit Contribution Margin

How much profit is each unit generating? A product's contribution is how much money remains to cover fixed costs after accounting for all unit variable costs. Use this business performance metric to identify poorly performing product lines.

Average unit contribution margin = (Total revenues – total variable costs) / total volume of production

For example, if total revenue minus total variable costs was $100,000, and 10,000 units were produced in that time, the average profit contribution margin would be $10 per unit.

30. Return on Net Assets (RONA)

Return on net assets (RONA) calculates the percentage of net income generated by your company's assets. It will help you evaluate how well your organization leverages its available assets to create profitable operations.

Return on net assets (RONA) = Net income / (value of fixed assets + net working capital)

RONA highlights how an organization employs its fixed assets — including equipment and raw materials — to grow revenue.

31. Energy Cost per Unit

Energy cost per unit measures how much energy it takes to manufacture each unit. The cost of energy impacts the profitability of product lines.

Energy cost per unit = Sum of all energy costs / number of units manufactured

32. Cash-to-Cash Cycle Time

How long does it take to convert your investments in inventory to cash flow from receiving payment for selling your product?

Cash-to-cash cycle time = (Days inventory outstanding) + (days sales outstanding) – (days payables outstanding)

33. Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA)

EBITDA is a popular measurement investors use to compare companies. An alternative to net earnings, EBITDA can help you gauge operational profitability.

EBITDA = Net income + interest + taxes + depreciation + amortization

34. Projected Customer Demand

Projected customer demand is a forecasting method that accounts for historical data, current market conditions and makes predictions about future demand. Use data to inform the estimates and optimize your supply chain. Forecasting inventory and finding the right amount to have on hand to meet customer demand without paying high storage costs can be tricky. The right ERP tools can help you move beyond guesswork with historical trends, automated re-order points and managing safety stock and cycle counts.

An important factor for projected customer demand is understanding reorder points.

Reorder point = (# units used daily x # days lead time) + # units safety stock

35. Employee Turnover

A high attrition rate can impact your bottom line. Recruiting, onboarding and training new employees can be timely and expensive. Keep an eye on your employee turnover to see if adjustments need to be made to encourage employees to stay with your company, such as improving company culture and other offerings, such as trainings and career development that boost employee engagement.

Employee turnover = (Turnover Rate = # of separations in a given period / (# of employees at start of period + # of employees at end of period/2)) × 100

Manufacturing Compliance Metrics

These KPIs monitor business, financial, legal and reputational risks. They also account for employment law with health, safety and environment metrics, as well as product safety and consumer data privacy.

36. Reported Health and Safety Incidents

Reported health and safety incidents metric records the number of safety and hazard incidents you must report to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) over time.

Reported health and safety incidents = # of health and safety incidents reported to OSHA during a specified time frame

37. Health and Safety Incidence Rate

Health and safety incident rate is the number of work-related injuries per 100 full-time workers during a 12-month time frame. It's also referred to as the total case incident rate (TCIR).

Health and safety incidence rate = (# of OSHA-recorded injuries and illnesses X 200,000*) / total employee hours worked

*Note: 200,000 = 100 employees working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year

38. Reportable Environmental Incidents

Reportable environmental incidents records the number of issues your company must report to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These incidents may relate to air and water, recycling or other issues.

Reportable environmental incidents = # of environmental incidents reported to the EPA during specified time frame

39. Number of Non-Compliance Events per Year

Managers must document the time, reason and resolution of all non-compliance events, and this metric tracks the number of times a manufacturing plant did not comply with guidelines during a 12-month period.

Number of non-compliance events per year = # of non-compliance events during a 12-month period

40. Failed Audits

If you don't already, plan and execute regular safety audits for all areas of your manufacturing plants and equipment. Track how often the operations are up to compliance standards.

Failed audit rate= # of failed audits in a given period / total # of audits conducted in the same period

Maintenance Manufacturing Metrics

These metrics look at the success of maintenance programs in improving equipment performance, increasing uptime and reducing costs. They also account for availability of production line equipment.

41. Maintenance Unit Cost

Monitor the maintenance cost of equipment in relation to the number of units produced. The metric includes all costs to maintain and repair equipment to ensure its reliable operation. Use this KPI to monitor a machine's success over time.

Maintenance unit cost = Total maintenance costs in a specified time frame / # of products produced during the same time frame

42. Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

MTBF calculates the average time between equipment failures, such as an issue with a conveyor belt or industrial valve. This metric gives insight into the reliability of your production assets.

MTBF = Operating time in hours / # of failures

43. Mean Time to Failure (MTTF)

MTTF is a similar metric to MTBF. This metric considers non-repairable components, such as electronics or circuit breakers that require replacement when they fail.

MTTF = Operating time in hours / # of failures

44. Percentage Maintenance Planned (PMP)

Compare the total number of hours your organization spends repairing and maintaining production machinery with the time you expect will be needed.

Percentage planned maintenance = (# of planned maintenance hours / # of total maintenance hours) × 100

45. Percentage Planned vs. Emergency Maintenance Work Orders

How much of your equipment maintenance is planned? And how much is it because of emergencies? Unplanned maintenance is disruptive to workers and customers.

Percentage planned vs. emergency maintenance work orders = (# of planned maintenance hours / # of unplanned maintenance hours) × 100

For non-critical equipment or components, plant managers often employ a corrective maintenance strategy to repair equipment following an unplanned downtime event.

46. Unscheduled Downtime

Unscheduled downtime measures how long equipment is scheduled to perform but can't because of reliability or equipment issues. Unscheduled downtime can result in lost customers and revenue. It's a good way to scrutinize the success of your maintenance plans.

Unscheduled downtime = Sum of all unscheduled downtime during specified time frame

47. Downtime in Proportion to Operating Time

Expressed as a ratio, this metric looks at how much time equipment is not running for any reason in relation to how much time equipment is in operation.

Downtime in proportion to operating time = Total time equipment is down : Total time equipment is in operation

48. Avoided Costs

Avoided costs are realized savings due to preventive maintenance activities. By spending time and money on maintaining your equipment, you stop costly repairs and prolonged unscheduled downtime from occurring.

Avoided costs = (Assumed repair cost + production losses) – preventive maintenance cost

49. Machine Set-Up Time

Machine set-up time is how long it takes to get equipment ready for its next production after completing a run.

Machine set-up time = Time required to prepare machine for next run

Customer Experience & Responsiveness Manufacturing Metrics

Keep an eye on these metrics as ways to gauge your ability to keep the customer experience top notch. Manufacturing plays a pivotal role in on time delivery of high-quality products, which are key components of an exceptional customer experience.

50. On-Time Delivery to Commit

On-time delivery to commit measures how often manufacturing can meet commitments for product delivery. This KPI tracks the efficiency of production lines and the success rate of meeting product schedules.

On-time delivery rate = # of products delivered on time / total number of products delivered

51. Lead Time

Lead time measures the total time it takes for customers to receive orders after they're placed.

Lead time = Order process time + production lead time + delivery lead time

52. Customer Fill Rate

Keep an eye on the fulfillment of customer demand through existing product inventory. This KPI indicates how well the organization can meet consumer demand at any given time.

Customer fill rate = (# of orders delivered / # of orders placed) X 100

53. Customer Return Rate

How much of your business comes from repeat customers? This is a good way to monitor customer retention and loyalty.

Customer return rate = (# of return customers / total # of customers) X 100

54. Customer Satisfaction

How can you know if customers are satisfied with the products you deliver? Start by asking them. Customer satisfaction surveys can tell you if customers are satisfied with your products and customer service, and if they'd recommend your company to others. One of the basic satisfaction metrics is gathered through a basic Likert scale asking customers how satisfied they are with your product.

Percentage of satisfied customers = (# of customers who said they were either very or extremely satisfied / total # of surveys filled out) X 100

Quality Manufacturing Metrics

These KPIs are leading indicators of production performance and measure defects across each stage of the production cycle.

How do you measure manufacturing quality? Quality KPIs, such as yield, perfect order percentage and customer reject rate assess how closely products meet their planned specs.

55. Yield

Yield is a measure of the overall volume of products manufactured compared to the input of the raw materials. This does not account for process inefficiencies such as rework or scrap.

Yield = (Actual # of products manufactured / theoretical number of maximum possible yield based off raw materials input) X 100

56. First Time Yield

First time yield measures the level of product quality and represents the number of non-defective products that are released without requiring wasteful rework. Use this KPI as a leading indicator of potential manufacturing issues such as material quality or equipment.

First time yield = # of non-defective or good units / total # of products manufactured

57. Perfect Order Percentage

How many complete orders are shipped on time as a percentage of all orders? This KPI tracks the volume of orders shipped without incidents such as late delivery, damaged products or missing items.

Perfect order percentage = (Percent of orders delivered on time) X (percent of orders complete) X (percent of damage-free orders) X (percent of orders with accurate documentation) X 100

Use this KPI to evaluate if order capture, order management, manufacturing and fulfillment processes are aligned.

58. Return Merchandise Authorizations (RMA)

Measure how often customers are dissatisfied and request and receive a refund for returned goods.

Return merchandise authorizations = (# of RMAs / # of orders delivered) X 100

59. Customer Reject Rate

Customer reject rate measures how many parts delivered to customers are defective. Products can have more than one part to them, and this drills down to look at how many specific parts are rejected by customers.

Customer reject rate = (# of rejected parts / total #of parts in all products shipped) x 100

60. Supplier's Quality Incoming

An important KPI for your supply chain, this metric examines the quality of raw materials you receive.

Supplier's quality incoming = # of quality raw materials received / total # of incoming materials

61. Scrap Rate

Scrap rate measures the volume of discarded materials during manufacturing. Minimizing the amount of scrap produced in your manufacturing can represent cost savings by being more efficient with your raw materials. Additionally, scrap materials can be labor- and time-intensive to sell, recycle or dispose.

Scrap rate = Amount of scrap material produced during a manufacturing job / total materials intake or put into the process

Lean Manufacturing Metrics

How do you measure manufacturing efficiency? Lean manufacturing KPIs are metrics that examine and help you improve process efficiency. Use lean KPIs to identify opportunities where you can reduce waste and increase speed.

62. Cycle Time

How long, on average, does it take to complete a customer order? Cycle time helps you understand how prepared your business is to meet customer demand.

Cycle time = (Time customer received order – time customer placed order) / # total shipped orders

63. First Pass Yield

First pass yield is a vital product quality measurement that represents the number of non-defective products that are built the first time without requiring rework. Use this KPI as a leading indicator of issues in the manufacturing process.

First pass yield = # of non-defective products excluding rework and scrap / total # of products manufactured

64. Capacity Utilization

Capacity utilization measures how much of a plant's production capacity is in use. Look to this KPI to assess efficiency and future growth.

Capacity utilization = (Total capacity used during specific timeframe / total available production capacity) X 100.

65. Machine Downtime Rate

Machine downtime is how long equipment is unavailable to manufacture products. Machine downtime includes planned and unplanned downtime for scheduled maintenance for equipment failure.

Machine downtime rate = Total uptime / total uptime + total downtime

66. Downtime in Proportion to Operating Time

Monitor the availability of assets for production. Operating time is the time an asset is available for production. Downtime is the time assets are not available for production due to scheduled and unplanned maintenance. Use this KPI to gauge manufacturing equipment efficiency.

Downtime in proportion to operating time = Total available time to run – scheduled and unscheduled stoppages

67. Material Yield Variance

Material yield variance is the delta between the amount of material used and the standard.

Material yield variance = (Actual unit usage – standard unit usage) x standard cost per unit

68. Overtime Rate

Overtime rate measures the excess hours employees work beyond normally scheduled working hours.

Overtime rate = (Overtime hours / total hours worked, including overtime) X 100

Performance Metrics

How do you calculate production KPIs? Manufacturing performance or production metrics track the success of each step of production. These include production attainment, changeover time and takt time.

69. Production Attainment

Production attainment measures manufacturing's ability to meet its target production level. The higher the score, the better the performance.

Production attainment = (Actual production / scheduled production) x 100

70. Changeover time

Changeover time is how long it takes to transition a production line from one product to another product.

Average changeover time = Total time to changeover production lines / # of changeovers

71. Takt Time

Takt time is how fast you need to complete a product to meet demand. Calculate this KPI by dividing customer demand by available production time.

Takt time = Total available production time / average customer demand

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Manufacturing Innovation Metrics

Monitor and share these metrics to encourage creativity. Innovations may include new or updated products, and can leverage process improvement or even new technology, such as AI for manufacturing.

72. Rate of New Product Introduction (NPI)

The rate of new product introduction measures how often your company introduces new products. It is best to consider NPI rate for new products taken to market.

New product introduction rate = # of new products / new product introduction goals

73. Engineering Change Order Cycle Time

Change order cycle time measures the time it takes to finish a product from change order receipt to implementation. The measurement is most commonly based on the average number of days to achieve the change.

Engineering change order cycle time = Engineering change order cycle time in days, weeks or months

Manufacturing KPI Dashboards

A manufacturing dashboard consolidates the most critical KPIs into a central display so plant managers can monitor production data in real time. The dashboard's inputs can come from many sources, including industrial IoT sensors and integrated manufacturing software that combines warehouse management, financial accounting, costing and other features or modules.

Advanced data visualization techniques make the information easy to consume at a glance while also offering deeper data drill-downs through pre-built reports. Plant managers and staff use role-based manufacturing dashboards to monitor the health of operations, correct process inefficiencies, minimize costs and optimize opportunities for quality and performance improvements.

A manufacturing KPI dashboard may combine data on production efficiency, quality and performance. The dashboard may show KPIs such as OEE and customer satisfaction.

This dashboard gives you real-time insight into meaningful data to improve manufacturing process speed and quality and company profitability.

  • OEE
  • Customer satisfaction
  • Production volume
  • Reported health and safety incidents
  • RONA

Production Performance Dashboard

A production performance dashboard may display real-time KPIs about equipment status and production. The dashboard may show KPIs related to volume, downtime and cost, comparing actual versus planned for each metric. This dashboard gives you real-time analysis of equipment performance and its impact on production to optimize manufacturing volumes and throughput.

  • Equipment downtime
  • Idle time
  • Run-time hours
  • MTBF
  • Percentage planned vs emergency maintenance work orders
  • Downtime in proportion to operating time

Manufacturing Quality Dashboard

A manufacturing quality dashboard may compare total yield to first pass yield. The result will track defective production against the number of non-defective products built the first time correctly.

The dashboard may also include the customer return rate of faulty or incorrect product orders, the quality of incoming materials from suppliers or other logistics KPIs. This dashboard gives you rapid insight into potential issues within the manufacturing process, such as material quality, labor inefficiencies or equipment.

  • Yield
  • First pass yield
  • RMA
  • Rate of return
  • Supplier's quality incoming

Manufacturing Cost Management Dashboard

Dashboards for manufacturing cost management display real-time KPIs on product costs and profitability. The dashboard may combine graphs and tables that depict unit, maintenance and energy costs. They may also include asset turnover and average unit contribution margin.

With manufacturers seeking higher returns on invested capital, look to financial dashboards such as this to ensure you are maximizing profitability while complying with quality and safety standards.

  • EBITDA
  • Cash-to-cash cycle time
  • Total manufacturing cost per unit excluding materials
  • Net operation profit
  • Net return on assets

Lean Manufacturing Dashboard

Lean manufacturing dashboards monitor process efficiency. The dashboard may include data that tracks on-time completions or production against customer order shipment dates.

Lean dashboards may also look at anomalies or deviations that influence production output or equipment status. All manufacturing companies, regardless of size, can benefit from improving efficiency. And emerging and start-up manufacturers can establish successful and efficient protocols and make the most out of every dollar spent with the help of EMI platforms to monitor and display data in dashboards.

Use lean manufacturing dashboards to rapidly identify opportunities to eliminate waste from the manufacturing process and increase operations speed.

  • Cycle time
  • Capacity utilization
  • Machine downtime rate
  • Overtime rate

How to Streamline Tracking and Reporting for Manufacturing Key Performance Indicators and Metrics

To remain competitive and drive the digital transformation of manufacturing operations, organizations should leverage ERP platforms. These solutions will automate and fully integrate shop floor, value chain, supply chain and enterprise data.

You can use the data to gather insight into manufacturing resource planning, integrated inventory and dynamic replenishment, warehouse management, financial accounting and costing, customer and partner relationship management, ecommerce and analytics. It will help you uncover data-driven insights to take production speed, quality and performance to new levels of excellence.

How NetSuite Helps You Track Manufacturing KPIs and Metrics

Monitoring manufacturing KPIs sheds light on what is wrong, what is right and how to improve. A robust ERP platform will collect accurate and timely information about product and process quality to deliver data-driven insight into manufacturing operations for intelligent decision-making.

73 Manufacturing Metrics & KPIs to Track (2024)
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