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In this tutorial, we will learn about the process management of an operating system in the computer system, how an operating system can manage the running processes of our computer system, and the different states of any process.By Amit Shukla Last updated : May 06, 2023
What is Process Management of Operating System?
Process management involve the execution of various tasks such as creation of processes, scheduling of processes, management of deadlock, and termination of processes. It is responsibility of operating system to manage all the running processes of the system. Operating system manages processes by performing tasks such as resource allocation and process scheduling. When a process runs on computer device memory and CPU of computer are utilized. The operating system also has to synchronize the different processes of computer system.
A process consists of set of instruction to be executed called process code. A process is also associated with some data that is to be processed. The resources that a process required for its execution is called process components. There is also a state that is associated with a process at a particular instant of time called process state. Similar to these concepts, there are number of concepts associated with the process management function of an operating system. Some of those concepts are given as following.
- Process State
- Process Control Block (PCB)
- Process Operations
- Process Scheduling
- Process Synchronization
- Interprocess Communication
- Deadlock
Process States
A process state can be defined as the condition of process at a particular instant of time. Process state defines the current position of process. This help to get detail of our process at a particular instant. There are basically seven states of process in operating system. The following are the seven states of process:
- New
When any program is calls from secondary memory or calls from hard disk to primary memory or RAM then the new process is created. Basically it specified the time when a process is created. - Ready
In this time interval the state of the process is loaded into the primary memory and ready for execution. - Waiting
In this sate the process is kept on hold and other process are allowed to start 0their execution. In other words, it specifies the time interval when a process waits for the allocation of CPU time and the other resources for its execution. - Executing
This is the main state of any process in this state the process is executing. In other words, it is the time interval when a process is being executed by CPU. - Blocked
It specifies the time interval when a process is waiting for an event like input / output operations to complete. - Suspended
It specifies the time when a process is ready for execution but has not been placed in the ready queue by operating system. - Terminated
It specifies the time when a process is terminated or ended and all the resources that are utilized by process and memory that is utilized by the process are free.
The above figure shows that the process is initially in the new state when it is created. After the process is created the state of process is changed to ready where the process is loaded into the primary memory or in RAM. Then the state of process is changed to waiting when the process waits for the allocation of CPU time. The process sates changes to executing state after the CPU time and other resources allocated to it and the process starts running. After the process running or executed successfully then the process is ended or the process is terminated and the process state is changes to terminate.
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FAQs
In an operating system, process management os (Operating System) refers to the set of activities involved in creating, scheduling, and terminating processes. A process management os can be thought of as an instance of a program that is currently executing on a computer system.
What are the 5 major activities of operating system with regard to process management? ›
The five major activities of the operating system with regard to process management are:
- The creation and deletion of both user and system processes.
- The suspension and resumption of processes.
- The provision of mechanisms for process synchronization.
- The provision of mechanisms for process communication.
Disadvantages. Managing the CPU efficiently can be complex, especially when dealing with a large number of processes and different scheduling criteria. This complexity can lead to potential errors in scheduling. The act of switching between processes (context switching) comes with overhead.
What is process management in operations management? ›
Process management is a systematic procedure that ensures effective and efficient business processes are in place. It is a set of activities that align business processes with strategic goals. A well-defined process plays a crucial role in a business's positive growth.
What are the 5 management process? ›
At the most fundamental level, management is a discipline that consists of a set of five general functions: planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. These five functions are part of a body of practices and theories on how to be a successful manager.
What is process management with example? ›
Business Process Management (BPM) is a method for analyzing, designing, controlling and ultimately improving business processes. Ideally, all of a company's business processes are included in the analysis. These can include, for example, processes with other companies, systems, customers, suppliers or partners.
What are the benefits of process management in an operating system? ›
What are the benefits of Process Management in Operating Systems? Benefits include: efficient resource utilisation, system stability, increased productivity, and improved user experience.
What are the types of process in operating system? ›
A process can be broadly categorized into the following two types based on its execution: I/O-Bound Process: A process whose execution time is determined mainly by the amount of time it spends completing I/O operations. CPU-Bound Process: A process whose execution time is determined by the speed of the CPU it runs on.
How many processes can a CPU run? ›
A multitasking operating system may just switch between processes to give the appearance of many processes executing simultaneously (that is, in parallel), though in fact only one process can be executing at any one time on a single CPU (unless the CPU has multiple cores, then multithreading or other similar ...
What indicates the current activity of a process in an operating system? ›
Process ID: A unique identifier assigned to each process by the operating system. State: It indicates the current state of the process, such as running, ready, blocked, terminated, or suspended. Pointer: It points to the next or previous PCB in a queue or linked list of PCBs.
A process is an instance of a program currently running on a computer system. In Linux, processes are managed by the operating system's kernel, which allocates system resources and schedules processes to run on the CPU. Understanding and managing processes is a critical skill for Linux administrators and developers.
What are the two major aspects of process management? ›
Business process management (BPM) activities include process design, process execution, and process monitoring. Two basic aspects of this for operations and supply chain management are managing processes to meet demand and dealing with process variability.
What's the best explanation of process management? ›
Process management is a systematic approach to ensure that effective and efficient business processes are in place. It is a methodology used to align business processes with strategic goals.
What are the 4 processes of process management? ›
The four stages of Business Process Management are:
- Process Discovery and Analysis.
- Process Design and Modeling.
- Process Implementation.
- Process Monitoring and Optimization.
Process Management In Operating System involves so many tasks such as scheduling, creation, deadlock, termination, etc. Functions of the process management in OS are quite important too. OS just allocates the resources to exchange information.
What is device management in operating system? ›
Device Management in the Operating system manages all the hardware or virtual devices of a computer or PC. The device management system allocates input/output devices to the process based on priority and deallocated as well either temporarily or permanently depending upon the conditions.
What is information management in operating system? ›
Information management (IM) is primarily concerned with the capture, digitization, representation, organization, transformation, and presentation of information. Because a computer's main memory provides only temporary storage, computers are equipped with auxiliary disk storage devices that permanently store data.
What is process management in OS Wikipedia? ›
A process is a program in execution, and an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes.
