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Released:2020-01-15
The number of years lived and the number of those lived in good health have increased throughout much of the world, including Canada. However, these gains have not been shared equally, and disparities exist by education and income level. Understanding the extent of these disparities and how they have changed over time is increasingly relevant for developing and planning policies to improve health equity and well-being in Canada.
A new study released today in Health Reports uses the1996and2011Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts to examine life expectancy and health expectancy of the Canadian population aged25or older. Results show that in both cohorts, people with higher levels of education or higher income live longer and are expected to spend a greater portion of those years in good health, compared with those with less education or a lower income.
In2011, men aged25years with a university degree could expect to live7.8years longer than men of the same age with less than a secondary graduation. Men with a university degree could also expect to spend89% of their remaining years in good health, compared with81% for those with less than a secondary graduation. For women aged25years, the education advantage of a university degree was6.7years more in life expectancy. Women with a university degree could expect to spend87% of remaining years in good health, compared with79% for those with less than a secondary graduation. From1996to2011, the gap in life expectancy by education level widened for both men and women, and the gap in health expectancy by education level widened for men.
A second study, also released today, examines trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada over time. From2012to2016, results show that thyroid cancer incidence rates declined among females and stabilized among males following years of rapid increases in Canada. Revisions to thyroid cancer management guidelines for healthcare providers, which were based on concerns surrounding overdetection and overtreatment of low-risk thyroid cancer, may have played a role in the recent shift.
Note to readers
The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs) are representative of the non-institutional household population at the time of census collection. Users should keep in mind changes in question wording and mode of collection when interpreting results.
Life expectancy was estimated using a five-year mortality follow-up period for each CanCHEC. For example, estimates for2011are based on deaths that occurred between2011and2016. Health status was measured by the Health Utilities Index Mark3instrument in the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey and was used to adjust life expectancy to estimate health expectancy. Life expectancy and health expectancy were estimated at age25and age65.
Products
The articles "Socioeconomic disparities in life and health expectancy among the household population in Canada" and "Changing trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada: A histologic examination,1992to2016" are now available in the January2020online issue of Health Reports, Vol.31, no.1(Catalogue number82-003-X).
The infographic "Inequalities in life expectancy in Canada,2011to2016," part of Statistics Canada—Infographics (Catalogue number11-627-M), is also available.
Contact information
To enquire about "Socioeconomic disparities in life and health expectancy among the household population in Canada," contact Tracey Bushnik (tracey.bushnik@canada.ca), Health Analysis Division.
To enquire about "Changing trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada: A histologic examination,1992to2016," contact Larry Ellison (larry.ellison@canada.ca), Centre for Population Health Data.
For more information, or to enquire about the concepts, methods or data quality of this release, contact us (toll-free 1-800-263-1136; 514-283-8300; STATCAN.infostats-infostats.STATCAN@canada.ca) or Media Relations (613-951-4636; STATCAN.mediahotline-ligneinfomedias.STATCAN@canada.ca).
For more information about Health Reports, contact Janice Felman (613-799-7746; janice.felman@canada.ca), Analytical Studies Branch.
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